AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |
Back to Blog
Datathief tolerance12/18/2023 Such adaptive divergence (hereafter ‘genetically based trait differentiation’) depends on the amount of genetic variation within populations that fuels adaptation, the strength of selection and the extent of gene flow among populations (Bridle & Vines, 2007 Savolainen et al., 2013). Across elevation gradients, changes in abiotic and biotic factors can therefore lead to strongly divergent selection, which may result in local adaptation (Kawecki & Ebert, 2004 Gonzalo-Turpin & Hazard, 2009). Körner et al., 1989 Körner, 2003).Įlevation is a complex environmental gradient, associated globally with declining atmospheric pressure and temperature, whereas abiotic factors such as solar radiation or precipitation show more regional patterns (Körner, 2003, 2007). Clausen et al., 1940 Pellissier et al., 2010) and across entire floras (e.g. For example, studies of elevation gradients in mountains have provided numerous examples of how environmental variation is associated patterns of trait differentiation and adaptation, both within species (e.g. One approach is to study the responses of multiple species across the same type of environmental gradient. It is therefore important to ask how commonly adaptation arises, which conditions promote or hinder it, and whether different species respond to similar selection pressures with similar adaptive responses (Hoffmann & Sgrò, 2011 Franks et al., 2014 Merilä & Hendry, 2014). Similarly, there is growing evidence that adaptation can be important in enabling populations to persist under changing conditions, including climate change (Jump & Peñuelas, 2005 Hoffmann & Sgrò, 2011). The capacity of many plant species to thrive across a broad geographic range is due, at least in part, to adaptation of their populations to local conditions (Leimu & Fischer, 2008 Hereford, 2009). We conclude that a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying adaptation, not only to elevation but also to environmental change, will require more studies combining the ecological and molecular approaches. Together, these studies indicate that genetically based trait differentiation and adaptation to elevation are widespread in plants. Molecular studies, which have focussed mainly on loci related to plant physiology and phenology, also provide evidence for adaptation along elevation gradients. Variation in phenotypic and fitness responses to elevation across species was not related to life history traits or to environmental conditions. ![]() We found significant evidence for elevation adaptation in terms of survival and biomass, but not for reproductive output. ![]() We found that plants originating from high elevations were generally shorter and produced less biomass, but phenology did not vary consistently. We reviewed studies of adaptation along elevation gradients (i) from a meta-analysis of phenotypic differentiation of three traits (height, biomass and phenology) from plants growing in 70 common garden experiments (ii) by testing elevation adaptation using three fitness proxies (survival, reproductive output and biomass) from 14 reciprocal transplant experiments (iii) by qualitatively assessing information at the molecular level, from 10 genomewide surveys and candidate gene approaches. Studies of genetic adaptation in plant populations along elevation gradients in mountains have a long history, but there has until now been neither a synthesis of how frequently plant populations exhibit adaptation to elevation nor an evaluation of how consistent underlying trait differences across species are.
0 Comments
Read More
Leave a Reply. |